Jazmin Li
London, England is served by six international airports and several smaller airports, making it the busiest airport system in the world by passenger numbers. Heathrow Airport is the largest airport in London, with four terminals and two runways. It is located 14 miles from Central London and is the primary hub for British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. London City Airport is the closest airport to Central London, located in the Docklands, and is popular with business travellers. Other international airports in London include Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, and Southend.
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Heathrow Airport
Heathrow is the primary hub for British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. The airport has four passenger terminals (numbered 2 to 5) and one cargo terminal. In 2021, Heathrow served 19.4 million passengers, with 17 million international and 2.4 million domestic. The busiest year on record was 2019, with 80.9 million passengers. Heathrow is the UK's largest port by value, with a network of over 218 destinations worldwide. The airport is served by over 89 airlines, with New York being the busiest single destination in terms of passenger numbers.
Heathrow is well-connected to Central London and beyond through various transport options. Travellers can take the Heathrow Express or Elizabeth line trains to Paddington Station, with a travel time of around 15 minutes. The London Underground's Piccadilly line also serves Heathrow, connecting it to other Central London destinations. Additionally, National Rail train services, National Express coach services, and taxis are available for travel to and from the airport.
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Gatwick Airport
London, England is served by six international airports and several smaller airports, with Gatwick Airport being one of the six major airports. Gatwick Airport is conveniently positioned just south of London, with direct links to the M23 at Junction 9 and the A23 Brighton Road. The airport offers train services to over 120 stations, providing connections to London and the South East. Travellers can also opt for a direct train to London's Victoria Railway Station, reaching the city centre in about 30 minutes.
Today, Gatwick Airport is a significant hub for several airlines, including British Airways and easyJet. In 2018, the airport handled 46.1 million passengers, a 1.1% increase from 2017. Gatwick Airport offers a range of food and drink options, as well as exclusive duty-free shopping with discounts on leading brands.
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London City Airport
London, England is served by six international airports and several smaller airports. London City Airport (IATA: LCY, ICAO: EGLC) is one of the six major international airports in London. It is located in the Royal Docks in the Borough of Newham, about 6 miles (10 kilometres) east of the City of London and 3 miles (5 kilometres) east of Canary Wharf. These are the two centres of London's financial industry, which is a major user of the airport. The airport is about 60 hectares (150 acres) in size and is the closest airport to central London.
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Luton Airport
London Luton Airport (IATA: LTN, ICAO: EGGW) is an international airport located in Luton, England, just 1.7 miles (2.7 km) east of the town centre. It is one of six international airports serving London and is the fourth-busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers. The airport is owned by London Luton Airport Limited, a company wholly owned by Luton Borough Council, and operated by London Luton Airport Operations Limited (LLAOL).
The history of Luton Airport dates back to 16 July 1938, when Luton Municipal Airport was opened. During World War II, the airport was utilised by the Royal Air Force, with fighters of No. 264 Squadron based there. Commercial activity and general aviation flight training resumed at Luton in 1952, with a new control tower opening around this time. By the 1960s, Luton Airport played a pivotal role in the burgeoning package holiday market, with a fifth of all holiday flights from the UK departing from Luton by 1969. Executive aircraft have been based at the airport since the mid-1960s, with several executive jet operators and maintenance companies currently in operation.
Today, London Luton Airport remains a significant aviation hub, serving as a base for prominent airlines such as easyJet, TUI Airways, Ryanair, and Wizz Air. In 2018, the airport surpassed 16.5 million passengers, setting a new record and solidifying its position as the fifth busiest airport in the UK. The airport offers a range of facilities, including shops, restaurants, currency exchange services, and an onward travel centre for booking train and coach tickets. With its convenient location and accessibility, London Luton Airport continues to be a popular choice for travellers, particularly those seeking budget-friendly options.
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Stansted Airport
The airport has one main passenger terminal, which opened in 1991, with three passenger satellites containing the departure gates. The terminal building was designed by Foster and Partners and is considered influential in airport architecture. Stansted Airport's rapid expansion began in 1997 and peaked at 24 million passengers in the 12 months to October 2007. After a decline in the following years, passenger numbers have since increased, with an annual increase of 8.0% in 2016 to 24.3 million, and numbers have continued to rise.
The airfield opened in early July 1943 and was used during World War II as RAF Stansted Mountfitchet by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces as a bomber airfield and maintenance depot. The Ministry of Civil Aviation took control of Stansted in 1949, and it was used as a base by several UK charter airlines. In the 1950s, Stansted was considered a potential third London airport, but the government ultimately chose a site in the Thames Estuary for development. Stansted came under British Airports Authority (BAA) control in 1966, attracting holiday charter operators seeking lower costs than Heathrow and Gatwick.
Today, Stansted Airport offers various amenities, including shops, restaurants, currency exchange services, and car hire desks in the Arrivals hall. The Departures area is located on the ground floor, and passengers must clear security control before accessing the departure area, which also features shops, bars, and restaurants. The airport provides direct trains to and from major cities, running seven days a week, and coach services to hundreds of locations across the UK. The Stansted Express train service is the quickest way to reach Central London, taking 47 minutes to arrive at London Liverpool Street Station.
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Frequently asked questions
The six major airports in London are Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, London City, and Southend Airport.
Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in London. It is also the busiest airport in Europe and the fourth busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic. Heathrow is the primary hub for British Airways and Virgin Atlantic.
London City Airport is located in the heart of London and is the closest airport to Central London. It is situated in London's Docklands, four miles from Canary Wharf.
