Ruth Haines
In the context of aviation, TOT is an acronym that stands for Take Off Time. It refers to the time at which an aircraft takes off from the runway. Airport Collaborative Decision-Making (A-CDM) specifies different terms related to TOT, such as Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT), Estimated Take Off Time (ETOT), and Target Take Off Time (TTOT), each with specific considerations in tactical slot allocation and timing expectations.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Full Form | Take Off Time |
| Calculated Take Off Time | The time calculated and issued by the appropriate Central Management unit, as a result of tactical slot allocation, at which a flight is expected to become airborne |
| Estimated Take Off Time | The estimated take-off time taking into account the EOBT plus EXOT |
| Target Take Off Time | The target take-off time taking into account the TOBT/TSAT plus the EXOT |
| Actual Take Off Time | The time that an aircraft takes off from the runway |
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What You'll Learn
Take Off Time (TOT)
In the context of aviation, TOT stands for "Take Off Time". This refers to the time that an aircraft takes off from the runway. Airport Collaborative Decision-Making (A-CDM) specifies different terms related to TOT:
- Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT): The time calculated and issued by the appropriate Central Management unit as a result of tactical slot allocation, at which a flight is expected to become airborne.
- Estimated Take Off Time (ETOT): The estimated take-off time, taking into account the EOBT plus EXOT.
- Target Take Off Time (TTOT): The target take-off time, taking into consideration the TOBT/TSAT plus the EXOT.
These various terms related to TOT help to ensure efficient and safe aircraft operations by providing specific contexts and calculations for take-off procedures.
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Terminal Radar Service Area
TRSA services include radar traffic advisories and sequencing of arrivals and departures. Radar traffic advisories provide real-time updates on nearby aircraft, including their altitude, direction, and proximity. This helps pilots spot and avoid other aircraft, improving safety. Sequencing, on the other hand, arranges the order of aircraft arriving at or departing from the airport, ensuring a smooth and orderly flow of traffic.
TRSA airspace is depicted on sectional charts as thick black concentric lines. It is important for pilots to understand the specifics of TRSA airspace to confidently navigate busy air traffic areas. While TRSA services are optional, they offer a valuable safety net and can significantly enhance the flight experience. Pilots who choose to participate in TRSA services receive radar support, improving their situational awareness and ability to separate from other aircraft.
TRSA services are provided by air traffic control (ATC) facilities using primary and secondary radar. Primary radar relies on radio signals bounced back by large, reflective objects like aircraft to calculate their direction and distance. Secondary radar, on the other hand, involves transponders in aircraft that transmit specific information back to the ground station, providing more detailed data. These radar services help ATC manage traffic flow and maintain separation between participating VFR aircraft and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft.
In summary, Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs) are specialised airspaces designed to enhance safety and efficiency around busy airports. By offering radar services and traffic management, TRSAs assist pilots in navigating high-traffic areas effectively and safely. While participation is optional, TRSAs play a crucial role in ensuring smooth air traffic operations in congested airspace.
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Tarmac Delay
A tarmac delay occurs when an aircraft on the ground is either awaiting takeoff or has just landed, and passengers are not allowed to get off the plane. This can happen during taxi-out (before departure) or taxi-in (after landing). Airlines are required to provide passengers with snacks and drinking water no later than two hours after the start of the tarmac delay. They must also provide adequate medical attention and ensure a comfortable cabin temperature is maintained.
The US Department of Transportation's (DOT) tarmac delay rule applies only to tarmac delays that occur at US airports. The rule mandates that "covered carriers", or airlines that operate planes with a seating capacity of 30 or more, must comply with the regulation. However, this rule does not apply to passengers flying to the US from foreign airports, who are only protected by the laws of their departure country.
To address tarmac delays, airlines such as American Airlines, Envoy, PSA, and Piedmont have implemented comprehensive contingency plans. These plans include measures such as coordinating with US Customs and Border Protection at US airports that handle international flights, as well as sharing facilities and gates with other carriers during emergencies and irregular operations. For domestic flights, these airlines will not keep an aircraft on the tarmac for more than three hours without letting passengers deplane. For international flights, the limit is four hours.
Take-Off Time (TOT) is a separate concept from tarmac delays, referring to the time when an aircraft takes off from the runway. Different terms are used to specify the various considerations around take-off time, such as Calculated Take-Off Time (CTOT), Estimated Take-Off Time (ETOT), and Target Take-Off Time (TTOT).
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Tower En Route Control Service
In United States aviation, TEC is a collection of published low-altitude, short-distance IFR routes through large metropolitan areas that do not require a level of air traffic control higher than approach-control facilities. TEC routing aims to better distribute the load of traffic coordination across different ATC facilities and levels. This is achieved by allowing low-altitude IFR traffic on short flights within congested areas to operate their entire flight under the control of approach-control or lower levels of ATC. Aircraft flying TEC routes can complete their entire journey without needing to contact major air traffic control centres.
TEC routes have been published for turbojet and lighter aircraft travelling between major airports within large and congested airspaces. Aircraft requesting routes in the low en route structure may experience additional delays due to traffic volume and controllers may suggest the TEC route structure to pilots in such cases.
The TEC route structure is particularly useful for flights within congested areas, enabling them to operate efficiently without the need for constant contact with major air traffic control centres. By utilising TEC routes, pilots can benefit from reduced communication requirements and streamlined traffic management.
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Temporary Flight Restriction
TFRs are typically issued in the following circumstances:
- VIP movement: TFRs are often issued in association with the movement of government VIPs, such as the President or Vice President of the United States. These TFRs are designed to protect the VIP's airspace and prevent unauthorized aircraft from entering the area.
- Special events: TFRs may be issued for special events, such as the Super Bowl or the UN General Assembly. These TFRs aim to manage air traffic and ensure the safety of those attending the event.
- Natural disasters: In the event of a natural disaster, such as a wildfire, TFRs can be implemented to protect life and property.
- Other unusual events: TFRs may also be issued in response to other unusual events, such as aerial demonstrations or major sporting events.
It is important for pilots to stay informed about TFRs as violating them can result in serious consequences, including fines, license suspension, and even criminal charges. TFR information is typically distributed via the Flight Data Center (FDC) Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) and can also be found on the FAA's TFR website or through mobile apps that provide real-time updates.
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Frequently asked questions
TOT stands for Take Off Time.
Take Off Time (TOT) is the time that an aircraft takes off from the runway.
Yes, Airport Collaborative Decision-Making (A-CDM) specifies different terms for TOT: Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT), Estimated Take Off Time (ETOT), and Target Take Off Time (TTOT).
Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT) is the time calculated and issued by the appropriate Central Management unit as a result of tactical slot allocation. Estimated Take Off Time (ETOT) considers the EOBT plus EXOT.
Target Take Off Time (TTOT) is the target take-off time, which takes into account the TOBT/TSAT plus the EXOT.
