Airports And Drug Testing: How Often Do They Test?

Drug testing policies vary across airports and airport services. While some airports like Prospect Airport Services do not conduct drug tests, others like Airport Terminal Services have a drug-testing policy in place, which includes random drug tests and pre-employment drug testing. The Department of Transportation (DOT) also has specific regulations that require drug testing for employees operating commercial motor vehicles, with random tests conducted throughout the year. These tests are often urine tests, but mouth swab and hair follicle tests are also sometimes used.

Pre-employment drug testing

The Pre-Employment Drug Testing Process:

• Written Policy and Procedure: Companies should establish a clear and comprehensive drug testing policy that complies with federal and state laws. This policy should outline the procedures for testing, consequences, and employee rights.
• Notice of Intent: Employers must provide advance notice to applicants that they will be required to undergo drug testing as a condition of employment. This notice should be given in writing and separate from other employment forms.
• Obtaining Written Consent: Once a drug test is ordered, the applicant will be asked to provide consent for the test. This step ensures the candidate authorizes the administration of the drug screen.
• Selecting a Drug Testing Site: After obtaining consent, the applicant will receive instructions on where to go for the test. The test may be conducted at an off-site facility or on-site at the workplace, depending on the company's preference.
• Chain of Custody: The candidate will be given a form to bring to the testing site, along with a valid photo ID. This form helps track the chain of custody of the sample from collection to analysis and disposal.
• Administering the Drug Test: Candidates provide a urine, hair, saliva, or blood sample at the collection site. They are encouraged to disclose any prescription medications they are currently taking to reduce the risk of false positives.
• Medical Review: A medical review officer will review the test results to ensure accuracy. If the test is positive, the officer may verify the candidate's medical records and prescriptions and conduct a confirmation test on the sample.
• Providing Results: Typically, both the employer and candidate will receive the test results within one to three days. In most cases, only candidates who test positive will be notified, and adverse hiring decisions can be made based on these results.
• Taking Appropriate Action: If the candidate tests positive, the company may choose to withdraw the employment offer or proceed with further evaluation, depending on company policy and applicable laws.

Best Practices for Pre-Employment Drug Testing:

• Disclose to all applicants in advance that drug testing will be conducted.
• Require all applicants for similar positions to undergo the same type of drug screen to avoid discrimination.
• Ensure all drug tests are administered at a certified laboratory, maintaining privacy for the candidates.
• Allow applicants who fail the drug test to challenge their results and request a retest, at their own expense.
• Make the job offer contingent on passing the drug test to establish clear expectations.

Random drug testing

At airports, random drug testing is typically conducted on employees who hold safety-sensitive positions, such as pilots, air traffic controllers, and ground staff. These individuals are responsible for the safe operation of aircraft and the security of passengers, so it is crucial that they are not impaired by drugs or alcohol while on duty.

The testing methods used for random drug testing at airports can vary, but the most common type is the urine drug test or urinalysis. This method is quick, simple, and cost-effective, and it can detect the presence of drugs in an individual's system for a few weeks or even up to 30 days in the case of chronic marijuana use. Urine samples are usually taken off-site at a designated testing facility to ensure privacy and comply with administrative procedures.

In addition to urinalysis, other testing methods such as mouth swab or oral fluid tests may be used for random drug testing at airports. These methods are equally accurate and cost-effective, offering a shorter detection window of up to 72 hours prior to the test. The advantage of mouth swab tests is that they can be administered anywhere, even in plain sight, making them a convenient option for random testing.

It is important to note that the frequency and methods of random drug testing at airports can vary depending on local regulations and company policies. Some airports or companies may conduct random drug testing more frequently or combine it with other types of testing, such as pre-employment drug screening or reasonable suspicion testing. Overall, random drug testing plays a crucial role in maintaining a safe and healthy workplace environment in the aviation industry.

Post-accident drug testing

Drug testing is a critical aspect of workplace safety, and airports are no exception. While the frequency of drug testing may vary across different roles and departments within an airport, post-accident drug testing is a crucial component of an airport's overall drug testing program. Here is some detailed information on post-accident drug testing policies and procedures in the context of airports:

Timing and Deadlines:

The timing of post-accident drug and alcohol testing is crucial. Drug tests must be conducted as soon as possible but no later than 32 hours after the accident. On the other hand, alcohol tests must be administered within eight hours of the accident. If testing cannot be performed within these time frames, employers must maintain records stating the reasons for the delay.

Accident Definition:

The FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) define an "accident" as an occurrence associated with aircraft operations, resulting in serious injury or substantial damage to the aircraft. "Serious injury" and "substantial damage" have specific definitions outlined by the NTSB, which include factors such as hospitalization, fractures, severe hemorrhages, internal organ involvement, and damage affecting the structural strength or performance of the aircraft.

Testing Procedures:

Purpose and Benefits:

Compliance and Regulations:

Airports and employers must comply with FAA regulations and guidelines regarding post-accident drug testing. Additionally, if an airport or company is regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT), they must adhere to specific laws and requirements for employee drug testing, including post-accident testing. Non-regulated employers should ensure their drug testing policies are clearly outlined and comply with OSHA guidelines.

Drug-free workplace programs

The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 mandates that federal workplaces and non-federal workplaces with federal contracts of $100,000 or more, or any federal grant, must implement a Drug-Free Workplace Program. This includes education for employees at all levels, supervisor training, and drug testing.

A written policy is the foundation of a drug-free workplace program. It should include the rationale, expectations, assistance options, and consequences for violations. Supervisor training ensures that management is well-informed about the policy, aware of legal sensitivities, and trained to document and address potential problems while maintaining confidentiality. Employee education is crucial, as it provides information about substance misuse and promotes healthy attitudes and behaviours.

Drug testing is a key component, helping to deter employees from coming to work under the influence and reducing drug-related accidents and their associated liabilities. It also helps identify employees who may need support for substance use disorders, which is a critical aspect of maintaining a recovery-ready workplace.

Additionally, employee assistance programs (EAPs) are valuable tools that can address a range of personal issues, including substance misuse. These programs can provide support and intervention services for employees and their families, fostering a healthy and safe work environment.

On-site vs off-site testing

On-site drug testing is when a laboratory is brought to the workplace, saving time for employers and increasing productivity. This type of testing is often used when a workplace accident occurs, as it helps identify the cause and aids in post-accident trials to show who is liable. On-site testing can also be used for random drug tests, which are commonly used to discourage drug use. The benefits of on-site testing include increased productivity, improved safety, a deterrent effect, cost-effectiveness, and confidentiality.

On the other hand, off-site drug testing requires employees to leave the job site and travel to a designated drug test collection center. While this type of testing offers employees more dignity and privacy, it also provides loopholes for manipulation of results and interrupts productivity as employees have to take time off work to attend appointments. Off-site testing is typically used for pre-employment drug tests and can also be used for random drug testing exercises.

The frequency of drug testing at airports can vary, but it is often done randomly or after an accident has occurred. Some airports may also require pre-employment drug testing before a new employee begins work. The type of drug test may also vary, with urine samples and mouth swab/oral fluid tests being common methods.

Overall, on-site drug testing offers several advantages over off-site testing, including increased efficiency, improved safety, and cost savings. However, off-site testing can provide employees with more privacy and dignity, which may be important in certain situations. The choice between on-site and off-site drug testing depends on the specific needs and preferences of the employer and the industry regulations they must adhere to.

Frequently asked questions