Airports And Your Id: What's The Deal?

When it comes to air travel, one of the most important considerations is identification. While it is not always required for boarding, presenting valid identification is crucial when passing through airport security. In the US, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) mandates that adult passengers aged 18 and above must provide acceptable identification, such as a driver's license, state-issued photo ID, or passport, among others. Failure to produce valid identification may result in additional identity verification processes or even denial of entry at security checkpoints. Therefore, it is advisable to be prepared with the necessary documentation to ensure a smooth travel experience, especially when transferring through airports.

Identification requirements for US airport transfers

In the United States, adult passengers (18 and over) must show valid identification at the airport to travel. This rule applies to both domestic and international flights. The ID must be current and contain the passenger's name, date of birth, gender, photograph, expiration date, and a tamper-resistant feature. Here are some acceptable forms of identification:

• Driver's license or other state photo identity cards issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles (or equivalent). Starting May 7, 2025, if using a state-issued ID or license to fly within the US, it must be REAL ID-compliant.
• U.S. passport or passport card
• DHS trusted traveler cards (Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST)
• U.S. Department of Defense ID, including IDs issued to dependents
• Acceptable photo ID issued by a federally recognized Tribal Nation/Indian Tribe, including Enhanced Tribal Cards (ETCs)
• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Employment Authorization Card (I-766)
• U.S. Merchant Mariner Credential
• Enhanced driver's license (starting January 2018)

For international travel from the US, you will need to meet the identification requirements of the airline, which may include a passport, visa, or other documents confirming you are allowed to fly to your destination. It is always a good idea to check with your airline for specific ID requirements.

Children under 18 are not required to provide identification when travelling within the United States. However, it is recommended to contact the airline for questions regarding specific ID requirements for travellers under 18. If you arrive at the airport without acceptable identification, you may still be allowed to fly after completing an identity verification process.

Identification for international transfers

When it comes to identification for international transfers, there are a few key considerations to keep in mind, focusing on data protection and travel identification.

Data Protection

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes restrictions and guidelines on the transfer of personal data outside the European Economic Area (EEA). The aim is to ensure that the level of protection for individuals remains the same, regardless of the transfer destination. The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has identified three criteria to define an international transfer of personal data: the controller or processor is subject to EU data protection laws; the controller or processor discloses or transmits personal data to another organisation; and this organisation is in a country outside the EEA or is an international organisation.

To comply with the GDPR, transfers may take place based on an adequacy decision, which confirms that the level of data protection in the receiving country or organisation is equivalent to that in the EEA. If an adequacy decision is not available, transfers can still occur based on appropriate safeguards, including enforceable rights and legal remedies. These safeguards are outlined in Article 46 of the GDPR, and a transfer risk assessment should be carried out to identify any risks that may not be sufficiently protected.

In certain situations, derogations may be allowed even without an adequacy decision or appropriate safeguards. For example, under Article 50(1)(d) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725, a transfer can be justified if it is necessary for important reasons of public interest recognised in Union law.

Travel Identification

For air travel, adult passengers (18 and older) must present valid identification at the airport checkpoint. This can include a passport, driver's license, state-issued photo ID, or other forms of identification depending on the country and airline requirements. It is important to ensure that your identification complies with any relevant regulations, such as the REAL ID requirements in the United States.

In summary, identification for international transfers involves adhering to data protection regulations, such as the GDPR, and providing valid travel documentation when travelling between airports. By understanding and complying with these requirements, individuals and organisations can ensure smooth and secure transfers.

REAL ID compliance

Starting May 7, 2025, a REAL ID-compliant license or identification card, or another acceptable document, will be required to board a commercial aircraft in the US. This means that adult passengers (18 and older) will need to present valid identification at the airport checkpoint to be allowed to travel. This includes a REAL ID-compliant state-issued driver's license or identification card that meets federal security standards. Compliant IDs are usually marked with a star in the upper right corner, although the design may vary by state.

REAL ID-compliant identification is also required when visiting military bases and secure federal buildings, such as courthouses. It is important to note that a REAL ID is not needed for driving, voting, or opening a bank account.

If you are unsure whether your ID complies with REAL ID standards, you should check with your state department of motor vehicles. They can provide guidance on the specific requirements and documentation needed to obtain a REAL ID.

In addition to a REAL ID-compliant driver's license or state identification card, other acceptable forms of identification for air travel include a U.S. passport, passport card, DHS trusted traveler cards (Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST), an enhanced driver's license (issued by certain states), a U.S. Department of Defense ID, a federally recognized Tribal ID, a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Employment Authorization Card (I-766), or a U.S. Merchant Mariner Credential.

It is recommended that travelers who do not possess a REAL ID use an alternative acceptable form of ID and arrive at the airport earlier than usual to allow for the identity verification process.

Identity verification process

For air passengers, identity verification is a necessary step in the airport security process. While the specific procedures may vary slightly depending on the airport and the country, there are standard practices in place to confirm a traveller's identity. Here is an overview of the identity verification process:

Firstly, it is essential to understand the requirements for valid identification. Adult passengers, aged 18 and older, are mandated by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to present valid identification at the airport checkpoint. Acceptable forms of ID include a driver's license, state-issued photo identity card, U.S. passport, DHS trusted traveller cards, U.S. Department of Defense ID, federally recognized Tribal Nation/Indian Tribe photo ID, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Employment Authorization Card, and a U.S. Merchant Mariner Credential. It is worth noting that starting May 7, 2025, for domestic flights within the U.S., travellers need to ensure their state-issued IDs are REAL ID-compliant.

In recent years, the introduction of digital identity solutions has offered a more secure, efficient, and private alternative to traditional physical IDs. Passengers can now use their smartphones to verify their identity through digital wallets like Apple Wallet, Google Wallet, and Samsung Wallet, or through state-issued apps. Mobile driver's licenses are a form of digital ID issued by states, providing the same information as a physical license but in a digital format on a smartphone. The use of digital IDs enhances security by reducing the risk of fraudulent documents and protecting personal information as only the necessary data is shared with the TSA for identity verification. Additionally, facial recognition technology further streamlines the process, offering a touchless ID verification option. However, passengers should be aware that they must still carry a physical ID as a backup, and they have the right to opt out of facial recognition and use the standard ID verification process instead.

The identity verification process typically takes place at the TSA checkpoint. TSA officers are responsible for reviewing and validating the presented identification documents. They may use biometric cameras to assist in verifying the authenticity of the ID and confirming the traveller's identity. This process ensures that only authorised individuals are permitted to proceed beyond the security checkpoint and board their flights.

Overall, the identity verification process at airports is a critical step in ensuring the safety and security of air travel. By adhering to the identification requirements and utilising the available digital solutions, travellers can contribute to a smoother and more efficient verification process, enhancing their overall airport experience.

Identification for minors

For minors under the age of 18, the identification requirements for air travel depend on the airline and the destination. While minors typically do not need to present identification for domestic travel if accompanied by an adult, it is always a good idea to carry some form of identification.

Domestic Travel

For domestic travel within the United States, minors under 18 years of age generally do not need to provide identification if they are accompanied by an adult. The adult accompanying the minor will need to present identification for both themselves and the minor. However, it is still recommended to carry some form of identification for minors, such as a printed copy of their birth certificate or passport, or a photo of their passport on a mobile device. This can provide proof of age and help in various situations, such as during check-in or when requested by the airline.

International Travel

When travelling internationally, the requirements for minor identification vary among airlines. In most cases, minors under 18 years of age will need to present the same travel documents as adults, such as a passport. Additionally, some airlines may require further documentation, such as a consent letter signed by both parents or legal guardians. This is particularly important when the minor is travelling unaccompanied. It is crucial to contact the specific airline in advance to understand their unique policies and requirements for minor identification and any necessary forms or documentation.

Frequently asked questions