Lois Larson
Russia is home to several airports, with Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport being the largest and busiest, serving Moscow, the capital city. It is located 29-30 kilometres northwest of Moscow, in the city of Lobnya, Khimki, or Moscow Oblast. Other major airports serving Moscow include Domodedovo International Airport, Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport, and Zhukovsky International Airport. Outside of Moscow, notable airports include Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg, Sochi Airport in the resort city of Sochi, Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport in Novosibirsk, and Koltsovo International Airport in Yekaterinburg. Russia also has smaller airports and airstrips, such as Kozyrevsk Heliport, which serves as a helicopter base for flights to reindeer herders and nearby volcanoes.
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What You'll Learn
Moscow's Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport
Moscows Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport, originally built as a military airfield, is located 29 kilometres (18 miles) northwest of central Moscow, between the towns of Lobnya and Khimki in Moscow Oblast. It is one of the four major airports serving Moscow, along with Domodedovo, Vnukovo, and Zhukovsky. The airport is about 30 kilometres from Moscow and is accessible from the Savyolovsky Railway Station in central Moscow in 30 minutes.
The airport was initially called Sheremetyevsky, named after a village and a nearby railway station of the same name. In 2019, following a contest, the airport was renamed after the great Russian poet Alexander Pushkin. The official name of the airport is now Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport.
Sheremetyevo is the busiest airport in Russia and the post-Soviet states, serving about 50 million passengers annually, making it one of the top 10 busiest airports globally. It is also the second-busiest airport in Europe. The airport has six terminals: four international terminals (one under construction), one domestic terminal, and one private aviation terminal.
The airport has undergone significant expansion over the years, with the construction of Terminals C, D, and E, and the renovation of its second runway to accommodate larger aircraft like the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Sheremetyevo serves as a hub for several airlines, including Aeroflot, Rossiya Airlines, Nordwinds Airlines, Pegas Fly, and Royal Flight.
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Domodedovo International Airport, Moscow
Domodedovo International Airport, formerly known as Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is one of the four major airports serving Moscow, Russia, alongside Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo, and Zhukovsky. It is located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, about 42 kilometres (26 miles) south-southeast of Moscow's city centre. The airport is named after the town of Domodedovo, on whose territory it is located.
The airport was constructed on the former territory of a village called Elgazino, with the airport officially opening on 7 April 1962. By the end of that year, postal and cargo flights were taking off from the airport. In 1992, the airport was privatised and gained international status, allowing it to serve international flights. Reconstruction of the airport terminal complex took place between 1999 and 2003, with the renovated terminal and airport facilities attracting several major airlines.
Domodedovo International Airport has experienced significant growth in passenger traffic over the years. In 2004, it was ranked among the hundred leading airports in the world for passenger traffic, and by 2005, it had become the leader in passenger traffic in the Moscow aviation area, a record it held for the next ten years. By 2009, the terminal floor space had been expanded to 135,000 square metres (1,450,000 square feet) from 70,000 square metres (750,000 square feet) in 2004. As of 2024, the airport is the fourth busiest in Russia and the Post-Soviet states, as well as the 40th busiest airport in Europe.
The airport serves regular flights across Russia and Belarus, as well as various destinations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It has two terminals, with plans to expand to three, and receives about 30 million passengers annually. Nearby destinations to the airport include Podolsk, Kolomna, and Serpukhov.
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Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport, Moscow
Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport, also known as Vnukovo Airport, is one of four major airports serving Moscow, Russia, alongside Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo, and Zhukovsky. It is located in the Vnukovo District, about 28 kilometres (17 miles) southwest of downtown Moscow.
Vnukovo is a dual-runway international airport that sits 204 metres (669 feet) above sea level, making it the highest of Moscow's three airports. The airfield has two intersecting runways: one measuring 3,500 metres (11,483 feet) and the other 3,060 metres (10,039 feet) in length. Each runway is 60 metres (197 feet) wide, with 10-metre-wide (33-foot) safety shoulders on each side. The joint runway capacity is 60 aircraft movements per hour. Runway 24 is primarily used for departures, while Runway 01 is for landings.
The airport has two passenger terminals (Terminal A and Terminal B), one general aviation terminal for charter and business flights, one cargo terminal, and 60 aircraft stands. Terminal B, which opened in April 2004, currently handles international passengers but will be converted to handle domestic flights in the future. Terminal A opened in December 2010, and in the summer of 2016, all flights previously served by Terminal B were transferred to Terminal A, which now handles an annual passenger throughput capacity of four million.
Vnukovo is one of Russia's largest air transport hubs, serving over 170,000 flights and 20 million passengers annually. Its route network covers the entire territory of Russia, as well as neighbouring countries, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The airport serves as a base for several carriers, including Azur Air, Gazpromavia, I-Fly, Pobeda, RusLine, and Utair.
Vnukovo Airport is equipped with a VIP hall used by political leaders and other important visitors to Russia, including the Russian President. The Tupolev airliner rework facility is located at the edge of the airport, where major overhaul and modification programmes are carried out in large aircraft hangars. The airport is occasionally closed for regular flights when VIP flights arrive or depart.
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Saint Petersburg's Pulkovo International Airport
The history of Pulkovo Airport dates back to the early 1930s. Construction of an aerodrome near Leningrad (Saint Petersburg's name between 1924 and 1991) began in January 1931 and was completed on June 24, 1932. The airport initially operated flights to Petrozavodsk, Pudozh, Arkhangelsk, and Murmansk. In 1941, a new commercial passenger route between Moscow and Leningrad was introduced.
Over the years, Pulkovo Airport has undergone significant changes. In 1986, the completion of new departure and arrival zones for the international terminal doubled the passenger traffic rate capacity. However, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the number of passengers declined. In the early 2000s, the airport experienced a further decrease in passenger numbers, with only 5 million passengers in 2006, half of the number from 1990.
To accommodate the growing passenger traffic, a new terminal construction project was initiated. Grimshaw Architects was chosen for the project, and the new Terminal 1 opened in December 2013. The new terminal features a spacious layout with 147,000 square meters of floor space and an additional 400,000 square meters of airport dock. It offers a range of amenities, including business lounges, restaurants, pharmacies, shops, and cafes. The interior design reflects the style of Saint Petersburg, and the terminal also showcases artistic sculptures and paintings, enhancing the cultural experience for passengers.
Today, Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg is a modern and efficient transportation hub. With its convenient location, high passenger capacity, and array of facilities, it serves as a vital gateway to the city of Saint Petersburg and its surrounding areas.
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Tolmachevo International Airport, Novosibirsk
Tolmachevo International Airport is located in the town of Ob, 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) west of Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia. It is the third-most populous city in Russia. The airport is situated in the middle of the route from major East Asian cities like Seoul, Shanghai, and Hong Kong to Europe, making it an attractive refuelling stop for cargo airlines. It is also a diversion airport on Polar Route 1.
The airport has two runways of 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) and 3,605 metres (11,827 ft) and one large passenger terminal with two connected sections. Section A is for domestic flights, with 18 check-in desks, 2 jet bridges, and a capacity of 1,800 passengers per hour. Section B is for international flights, with 14 check-in desks, 3 jet bridges, and a capacity of 1,300 passengers per hour. The airport also has two cargo terminals and 61 aircraft stands. Runway 16 is equipped with an ILS CAT II, enabling aircraft operations in low ceiling (30 metres) and visibility (350 metres).
Tolmachevo Airport is one of the main transit stops for cargo flights between China, Southeast Asia, and Europe. It serves as a hub for several carriers, including Angara Airlines, Nordstar, and S7 Airlines. In 2018-2019, S7 Airlines launched regular flights to Bangkok, Tokyo, Sanya, Nha Trang, Guangzhou, and new domestic routes. The airport has also been expanding its services to encourage Chinese visitors, including a Chinese version of its website and translated information signs and terminal announcements.
The airport celebrated its four-millionth annual passenger on December 21, 2016, and its five-millionth on December 31, 2017. In 2019, direct passenger traffic from China increased by 6% to 255,000 passengers, with scheduled flights to Hong Kong, Beijing, Sanya, Urumchi, Harbin, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. Tolmachevo Airport is the largest airport complex in the Asian part of Russia and ranks 6th among Russian airports in terms of passenger traffic.
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Frequently asked questions
Sheremetyevo Airport is located 29km northwest of central Moscow, in the city of Lobnya, Khimki, Moscow Oblast.
Pulkovo Airport is located 23km from St Petersburg.
As of September 2018, there were 227 operational airports registered in Russia.
The airport serving Novosibirsk, the third most populous city in Russia, is called Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport.
The largest airport in Russia is Moscow Domodedovo Airport, also known as Domodedovo International Airport.
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