Sachin Walls
When you have a layover or are transiting through an airport, there are several things to consider before deciding where to go. Firstly, you need to determine whether you will need to pass through security and border controls, as this will impact the time available for exploring outside the airport. Some countries, such as Singapore, offer a Visa-Free Transit program, allowing eligible transit travellers to stay for a short period without a visa. If you plan to remain within the airport, you can explore the facilities and services available, such as transit hotels, airport lounges, and restaurants. For longer layovers, you may consider leaving the airport to tour the city, but always ensure you have enough time to pass through security and border controls again before your next flight.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Transit vs layover | Passing through an airport while en route to another country is called 'transiting'. Some travellers refer to it as a 'layover'. |
| Airside | Travellers do not pass through border control before their connecting journey. |
| Landside | Travellers pass through border control but exit and re-enter the country within a short period, usually 24 hours. |
| Security | Travellers may need to pass through security control when changing flights. |
| Luggage | Travellers may need to collect their luggage and re-check it for their connecting flight. |
| Border control | Travellers may need to present their passport at border control, depending on their country of origin and travel destination. |
| Visa | Travellers may need a visa or electronic travel authorisation (ETA) to enter a country during a layover. |
| Transit hotels | Travellers can book a transit hotel within the secure area of the airport to rest between flights. |
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What You'll Learn
Security and border control
When it comes to airport transit, security and border control procedures can vary depending on the country and airport. Here are some key things to keep in mind:
Security Screening
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officers are responsible for conducting security screenings at airports. They are authorised to search passengers, their baggage, and cargo at screening checkpoints. TSA screeners cannot arrest individuals but may refer suspicious activities to law enforcement officers present at the airport, such as airport police. Passengers have the right to wear religious head coverings during security screenings and can request a private screening by a person of their chosen gender if additional screening is required. Children under 13 are allowed to keep their shoes, light jackets, and headwear on during screening, and parents can opt them out of full-body scans.
Border Control
The specifics of border control depend on the country and jurisdiction. In the United States, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers inspect travellers' documents and may search their belongings for contraband. This includes electronic devices, although this is a contested legal issue. The Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to increase the use of biometric data, such as facial recognition, at American borders. Within the European Union, airports may have separate channels for passengers arriving from other EU countries, simplifying border control procedures for travellers within the Schengen Area.
Transit Procedures
During transit, passengers may encounter different scenarios depending on the airport and their destination. In some cases, passengers may disembark into a sterile lounge and proceed to their connecting gate without clearing border checkpoints or completing additional formalities. This is the case at Changi Airport in Singapore. However, in other cases, travellers may need to pass through border control and security inspections, depending on their origin and destination. For example, travellers passing through a UK airport on their way to another country ('transiting') may or may not go through UK border control, depending on whether their journey is 'airside' or 'landside'.
Preclearance
Preclearance is a process where CBP personnel are stationed at designated foreign airports to inspect travellers before they board US-bound flights. With preclearance, travellers can bypass CBP and TSA inspections upon arrival in the US and proceed directly to their connecting flight or destination. Preclearance locations include several airports in Canada and a few countries outside North America.
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Transport between terminals
When it comes to transport between terminals at the airport, there are a few options available depending on the airport's infrastructure and facilities. Some airports offer rail services to navigate between terminals, while others provide shuttle services for added convenience.
For instance, MSP Airport provides a complimentary shuttle service for passengers with mobility challenges and special needs. This shuttle is equipped with a wheelchair lift and operates between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, as well as the Quick Ride Ramp and the Intercontinental Hotel. It runs every 20 minutes from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m., and on-demand service is available outside these hours by contacting local dispatch.
Alternatively, some airports like Toronto's Pearson Airport and Billy Bishop Airport offer a combination of rail and bus services for transport between terminals. For example, travellers can take the UP Express train or opt for GO Bus routes 40 or 94 to reach the airport. Additionally, Porter Airlines provides a free shuttle service from Union Station to the airport ferry or tunnel.
It's important to note that when transferring between different modes of transport, such as a GO Train to an UP Express train, separate fares may be required for each leg of the journey. In some cases, using a PRESTO card can offer discounted fares, making it a cost-effective option for travellers.
Overall, the availability of transport options between terminals can vary across airports. While some may offer rail services or shuttle buses, others might provide a combination of transport modes to cater to different passenger needs and preferences. It is always advisable to check the specific airport's website or information sources for detailed and up-to-date information regarding transport facilities and any associated requirements or restrictions.
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Immigration requirements
United States
A transit visa is required for foreign citizens travelling through the United States to another country. This is a nonimmigrant visa for persons travelling in immediate and continuous transit through the United States en route to another country. Immediate and continuous transit assumes a prearranged itinerary without any unreasonable layover privileges. If you intend to stay in the United States for a purpose other than transit, such as visiting friends or sightseeing, you will need a different type of visa, such as a visitor (B) visa.
To apply for a transit visa, you must complete the online nonimmigrant visa application, Form DS-160, and pay the visa application fee, which is currently $185. You will then need to schedule an interview at a US embassy or consulate, where you will provide your passport, the DS-160 confirmation page, and other supporting documents such as proof of your travel itinerary and flight tickets. It is important to demonstrate that you have confirmed onward travel plans and do not intend to remain in the US.
Canada
When transiting through Canada by air, citizens from countries that require an eTA must obtain an electronic travel authorization (eTA). However, if you are transiting through Canada by train, bus, boat, or cruise ship, you do not need an eTA. Ensure that you carry the necessary travel documents, such as a passport or visa, depending on your citizenship and the requirements of your destination country.
United Kingdom
When transiting through a UK airport, you may or may not need to pass through border control, depending on whether you are 'airside' or 'landside'. If you are 'airside', you do not pass through UK border control before your connecting flight. However, if you are 'landside', you temporarily pass through border control but must depart the UK within a short time, usually within 24 hours. Check the UK government website to determine if you need a visa or electronic travel authorisation (ETA) for your layover. Ensure that you have the necessary travel documents, such as a passport or visa, if required.
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Airport hotels
Transit hotels are a type of short-stay hotel located within the transit zone of international airports. They are designed for passengers with extended layovers, typically a minimum of six hours, to rest and relax while awaiting their next flight. These hotels are situated beyond airside security and passport checkpoints, providing convenient access for travellers.
Transit hotels are known for their compact and basic nature, offering clean and comfortable spaces for rest. They are typically billed by the hour and do not require a visa for stays, making them a convenient option for travellers. Standard amenities in transit hotels include a bed, desk, toilet, shower, and internet access. Some premium transit hotels also offer additional amenities such as gyms and spas.
One of the most popular transit hotels is located at Singapore's Changi Airport, a frequent layover spot for flights to and from Asia. The Changi Airport transit hotel offers a range of amenities and services to make travellers' stays comfortable and convenient. Amsterdam Schiphol Airport's "Yotel" hotel pods are also notable for being compact and clean.
The Eaton Smart transit hotel at New Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport is another well-known example. It is recognised for its stylish and modern design, providing a comfortable and refreshing experience for passengers awaiting their next flight. The Eaton Smart hotel offers freshly prepared food, spa treatments, and efficient utilisation of room space.
In addition to transit hotels, some airports also feature capsule hotels, which are smaller versions that still provide a place to rest during connections. These capsule hotels, such as the Amsterdam "Yotel" hotel pods, offer a compact and clean space for travellers to rest during layovers. Transit hotels are a convenient option for passengers with long layovers, offering a comfortable space to rest and refresh before continuing their journey.
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Local attractions
If you have a long layover, you may want to consider leaving the airport to explore the local area. The length of your layover will determine what you can do, as you'll need to pass through security and border controls, and there may be waiting times at baggage claim or when re-checking your bags. A daytime layover of several hours can be a great opportunity to do some sightseeing, whereas an overnight layover may limit you to a late-night meal and drinks. Some travellers opt for a transit hotel within the secure airport area, which avoids the need to go through passport control again.
Some countries, such as Singapore, offer a Visa-Free Transit programme, allowing travellers from eligible countries, including India and China, to stay for up to 96 hours without a visa. However, entry eligibility will be assessed by immigration officers, and all public health and entry requirements must be met.
If you're transiting through Munich Airport, you'll need to use the underground shuttle train to transfer between Terminals 1 and 2, which run daily from 4 am to midnight every 4 minutes. You may need to present your passport at border control, depending on your country of origin and travel destination.
Be sure to check the local immigration laws and plan in advance to make the most of your layover.
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Frequently asked questions
A layover is when you pass through an airport in a country that is not your final destination.
Yes, you will need to go through security screening before heading to the boarding gate of your connecting flight.
If you have booked your connecting flights under one booking number, your airline will transfer your luggage automatically. If you have booked two separate flights, you will need to allow enough time to collect your luggage and pass through security and border controls.
It depends on the country you are in and your nationality. Some countries, like the UK, require a visa or electronic travel authorization (ETA) even if you are just transiting through. Other countries, like Singapore, offer a 96-hour Visa Free Transit for travellers from eligible countries.
If you have a long layover, you may be able to leave the airport and do some sightseeing or bar-hopping. Alternatively, you can book a hotel or rent a day room in an airport lounge to get some rest.
