Sachin Walls
Houston's airport system is the fourth-largest in the country, with Bush Intercontinental Airport and William P. Hobby Airport serving as its two major airports. The former, initially named Houston Intercontinental Airport, opened in 1969 and was renamed in 1997 after George H.W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States. The latter, William P. Hobby Airport, opened in 1927 as a private landing field and was renamed in 1937. Both airports have experienced disruptions due to winter storms, causing cancellations and delays. Expansion projects are underway at both airports, with Houston Intercontinental investing in terminal renovations and Hobby Airport undergoing a $250 million expansion to add seven gates. With ongoing developments and a commitment to sustainability, Houston's airports continue to enhance their facilities and services for travellers.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name of the airport | George Bush Intercontinental Airport |
| Other names | Houston International Airport, Houston Intercontinental Airport, William P. Hobby Airport, IAH |
| Location | 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston |
| Road Access | Direct access to the Hardy Toll Road expressway |
| Ranking | Second busiest airport in Texas for international passenger traffic as of 2025 |
| Area | 10,000 acres (40 km2) |
| Number of Runways | 5 |
| Number of Terminals | 5 |
| Year of Opening | 1969 |
| Year of Renaming | 1997 |
| Reason for renaming | Renamed after George H.W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States |
| Temporary Closure | January 2025 due to winter storm |
| Reopening | 22nd January 2025 |
| Carbon Neutrality Target | 2030 |
| Level of Accreditation | Level 2 |
| Emission Reduction | 16% between 2019 and 2022 |
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What You'll Learn
Houston Airport System's sustainability initiatives
The Houston Airport System (HAS) has unveiled a Sustainable Management Plan (SMP) to enhance sustainability in areas like design, procurement, assets, and infrastructure. This initiative is in support of the City of Houston's Climate Action Plan and its commitment to being a "five-star, global air service gateway." The SMP aims to maximize operational efficiency while strengthening sustainability in multiple areas, including economics, environmental, and social priorities. HAS stakeholders have recognized sustainable management as a critical element of doing business and are committed to minimizing the effects on resources, creating enduring communities, and acknowledging the social costs of air travel.
The SMP specifies two categories: resource-based and functional. The resource-based priorities are energy, solid waste/recycling, water, and greenhouse gas emissions. The functional priorities are sustainable design, sustainable assets and infrastructure, and sustainable procurement. HAS has also adopted the triple-bottom-line definition of sustainability, which includes being responsible stewards of the airport system's financial, natural, and people resources.
HAS has made significant progress in reducing its environmental impact. Between 2019 and 2022, George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) reduced emissions by 16%, and William P. Hobby Airport (HOU) saw a 22% reduction. These reductions are a result of operational improvements and broader modernization efforts, including upgrades to energy systems, electric vehicle integration, and more efficient terminal practices. For example, courtesy carts at the airport are now 100% electric vehicles, and airline partners are transitioning ground support equipment to electric power, reducing emissions and improving efficiency. Additionally, hydration stations at IAH and HOU reduce the need for single-use plastic bottles, and recycling bins are placed throughout both airports to encourage waste diversion.
HAS is also committed to reducing its carbon footprint and has set a target of becoming carbon neutral by 2030. As a participant in the Airports Council International (ACI) Airport Carbon Accreditation Program, HAS has achieved Level 2 accreditation, confirming real reductions in emissions. HAS is also exploring the future of autonomous, electric air taxis in partnership with Wisk Aero, pushing the boundaries of clean, urban air mobility.
In addition to its environmental initiatives, HAS is also focused on terminal improvements. The Terminal B Transformation Project at IAH involves a $2.55 billion redevelopment, adding a modern exterior to the terminal with a new curtain wall system comprised of 1,316 units of glass panels. HAS is also renovating Terminal A at IAH, using a diamond-polishing process to reduce chemical usage and improve passenger safety. Nearly 100% of all metal and concrete is recycled during the construction of the new international terminal at Bush Airport.
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Renovation and modernisation projects
The Houston Airport System is undergoing several renovation and modernisation projects to improve sustainability, passenger experience, and functionality.
One of the key projects is the Terminal B Transformation Project at George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). This $2.55 billion redevelopment includes the installation of a new curtain wall system made of 1,316 glass panels, adding a modern exterior to the terminal. The B North concourses are expected to be completed by fall 2026, offering more space, upgraded amenities, and new concessions for United Airlines passengers.
Additionally, the IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP), with a budget of approximately $1.458 billion, is the largest expansion program in the airport's 53-year history. It involves the construction of a new international terminal, which is set to be one of the most modern in the US, offering a seamless experience from curb to gate. United Airlines is also constructing 40 new gates, a new ticketing lobby, and improving the baggage claim and security processing areas. The program is anticipated to be completed by 2025.
The airport is also undergoing a major expansion and refurbishment project, including the replacement of Terminal D with a new state-of-the-art facility, known as the Mickey Leland Intercontinental Terminal (MLIT). This project addresses ageing infrastructure and unprecedented international passenger growth. It will feature a diplomatic suite, spacious hold rooms with natural light and airfield views, and modern concessions reflecting best practices from around the world.
Furthermore, Terminal A at IAH is undergoing a year-long project to polish decades-old flooring using a diamond-polishing process. This method reduces chemical usage, improves passenger safety, and modernises the terminal while preserving its legacy.
These projects demonstrate the Houston Airport System's commitment to sustainability, passenger experience, and maintaining its status as a global city and a major international hub.
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Impact of weather on airport operations
Weather conditions can have a significant impact on airport operations, affecting both ground and air activities. Adverse weather conditions are responsible for 70% of airport delays. Low visibility and high winds are two of the main factors that affect airport operations. Low clouds, fog, and rain impede visibility, making it challenging for pilots to navigate. Winds, on the other hand, determine which runways can be used for take-off and landing.
Thunderstorms and lightning also cause significant disruptions to flight schedules. During severe thunderstorms, aircraft cannot take off or land, and those en route may be diverted to alternative airports or rerouted around the storm cells. The rapidly rising or falling air currents, known as updrafts and downdrafts, created by thunderstorms, cause turbulence and make aircraft challenging to control. Additionally, lightning poses a severe threat to ground operations and personnel, often bringing all ground activities to a halt until the storm passes.
Heavy snowfall can also lead to poor visibility, making it difficult for planes to take off and land. While large commercial airports typically have snow-clearing equipment and anti-ice chemicals, extreme snowfall rates may make it challenging to keep runways clear and safe, resulting in airport closures and flight cancellations.
To minimise disruptions, air traffic controllers work closely with meteorological agencies and continuously monitor weather conditions. By adjusting the number of aircraft movements per hour and selecting appropriate runways, they can ensure safe and efficient operations. Additionally, pilots always consider the weather forecast in their pre-flight checklists, which plays a crucial role in determining their flight plans.
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Transport options to and from the airport
Houston is served by two airports: George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) and William P. Hobby Airport. Both airports offer a range of transport options for arriving and departing passengers.
George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH)
George Bush Intercontinental Airport is located about 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston. It is accessible from Interstate 45, US Highway 59 (Interstate 69), the Hardy Toll Road, and the Sam Houston Tollway (Beltway 8).
IAH offers a variety of ground transportation options, including:
- Shuttles: Several companies offer shuttle services between the airport and various destinations, including Beaumont/Port Arthur, Texas, Jack Brooks Regional Airport (BPT), and Galveston. Shuttles can be pre-arranged with a reservation.
- Buses: Houston METRO provides bus services to and from the airport. Buses depart from the baggage claim level of Terminal C.
- Taxis: Rideshare apps and taxi services are available at the airport for passengers who prefer a more direct mode of transportation.
- Rental cars: Passengers can choose from a variety of rental car companies operating at the airport.
- Limousines: Limousine services are also available for passengers who prefer a more luxurious mode of transportation.
- Underground train and Skyway: Passengers can use the underground train or the Skyway (elevated train) to move between different terminals within the airport.
William P. Hobby Airport
William P. Hobby Airport, also known as Houston International Airport, is located closer to downtown Houston. While specific transport options for this airport are limited, passengers can still use rideshare apps, shuttles, taxis, rental cars, or public transportation to arrive at or depart from the airport.
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Food and beverage outlets available
George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) in Houston, Texas, offers a wide range of food and beverage options for travellers. Whether you're looking for a quick bite or a sit-down meal, the airport has various choices across different terminals.
For those seeking a hearty meal and a drink, the Hubcap Grill & Beer Yard at Gate A26 is perfect for burger lovers and beer enthusiasts. If you're craving a juicy steak, Ember in Terminal C is the place to go, with hand-cut steaks and Gulf seafood dishes on the menu. For a more casual dining experience, Blaze Pizza at Gate A7 offers fast-casual artisanal pizza, and you can even build your own! If you're a fan of Mexican cuisine, the Cadillac Mexican Kitchen & Tequila Bar near Gates A17-A24 is the ideal spot to indulge in some Tex-Mex staples like tacos, chilaquiles, and margaritas.
IAH also boasts a variety of options for travellers on the go. Which Wich? at Gate A7 is a sandwich shop offering custom-crafted sandwiches, wraps, and salads. Starbucks, conveniently located at Gate A24, is the perfect spot to grab your favourite coffee beverage or a quick snack. Chick-fil-A, known for its iconic chicken sandwiches and waffle fries, is another popular choice for a quick bite, especially near Gates A17-A24 and Terminal B.
For those with a sweet tooth, the Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory is a must-visit, offering an array of chocolates and sweets to satisfy your cravings. If you're looking for gourmet snacks and beverages, the CIBO Express Gourmet Market is a one-stop-shop located within the airport.
The airport also caters to various dietary preferences, including vegetarian and potentially vegan options. It is recommended to check with individual restaurants for specific menu offerings.
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Frequently asked questions
The two major airports in Houston are the George Bush Intercontinental Airport and the William P. Hobby Airport.
All Houston airports closed on Tuesday, 21 January 2025, due to the winter storm.
The Houston airports reopened on 22 January 2025.
If your flight was cancelled, you should check with your airline to make changes to your ticket. Dallas-based Southwest Airlines, which has the largest presence at Hobby Airport, is offering travel waivers and refunds.
The Houston airports are expected to be normalized when the weather permits.
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