Owais Crawford
Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport is Russia's busiest airport, serving as a critical hub for both domestic and international flights. It is also one of the largest airports in the country and the ninth busiest in Europe. In 2019, the airport handled about 49.9 million passengers, and in 2023, it handled over 36 million passengers. Sheremetyevo is located 29 kilometres northwest of Moscow city centre and is the main hub for Aeroflot, Russia's flagship carrier.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name of the busiest airport | Sheremetyevo International Airport |
| Location | Moscow |
| Distance from the city centre | 29 km |
| Number of terminals | 6 |
| Number of runways | 2 |
| Number of passengers in 2015 | 33.6 million |
| Number of passengers in 2016 | 31.28 million |
| Number of passengers in 2018 | 49.9 million |
| Number of passengers in 2022 | 36 million |
| Number of passengers in 2023 | 36 million |
| Aircraft movements in 2015 | 256,000 |
| Year it became operational | 1957 |
| Year it was converted into a civilian airport | 1959 |
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What You'll Learn
Sheremetyevo International Airport: Russia's busiest airport
Sheremetyevo International Airport is Russia's busiest airport, serving as one of four international airports in Moscow. It is also the busiest airport in the post-Soviet states and the ninth busiest airport in Europe.
The airport was originally built as a military airbase, becoming operational in October 1957. In August 1959, the Council of Ministers decreed that the airbase would be converted into a civilian airport. It was officially opened in June 1960, with the first international flight taking off to Berlin Schönefeld Airport. Sheremetyevo received its legal status as a state-owned enterprise in 1991 and became an open joint-stock company in 1996.
In the early 2000s, Sheremetyevo underwent rapid planning and expansion to keep up with the competition from other Moscow airports. Terminal C was opened in 2007 to increase international passenger capacity, and the airport's second runway was renovated in 2008 to accommodate larger aircraft like the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner. The airport also improved its connectivity to central Moscow with the construction of an Aeroexpress line in 2008, reducing travel time to just 30 minutes.
Sheremetyevo continued its expansion in the 2010s, with the completion of Terminal D in 2009, and the opening of Terminal E in 2010, increasing the airport's annual capacity to over 40 million passengers. The airport now comprises six terminals: four international terminals (one under construction), one domestic terminal, and one private aviation terminal. In 2023, Sheremetyevo handled over 36 million passengers, solidifying its position as Russia's busiest airport.
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Domodedovo International Airport: Moscow's largest airport
Domodedovo International Airport, formerly known as Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is one of the four major airports serving Moscow, Russia's capital. It is located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, 42 kilometres (26 miles) south-southeast of Moscow's city centre. The airport is named after the town of Domodedovo, on whose territory it is located.
Domodedovo Airport began operations in March 1964, with its first flight to Sverdlovsk using a Tupolev 104. The airport officially opened in May 1965, intended to handle the growth of long-distance domestic traffic in the Soviet Union. In 1992, the airport was granted international status, and it has since become one of the largest and busiest airports in Russia.
The airport features one terminal building with separate concourses for domestic and international flights. A second terminal is under construction, and plans for a third are in the works. In 2009, the terminal floor space was expanded to 135,000 square metres (1,450,000 square feet), allowing the airport to attract major airlines such as British Airways, Lufthansa, and Japan Airlines.
Domodedovo Airport serves as a link between Russia and major cities in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It offers direct flights to several European capitals, including Berlin, Vienna, Munich, and Istanbul. The airport is accessible by train, with the Aeroexpress running between the airport and Paveletsky Station, located on metro line 2. The journey from the airport to the city centre typically takes between 45 minutes and one hour and 30 minutes.
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Vnukovo International Airport: one of Moscow's busiest airports
Russia is a large country with 1260 airports spread across its cities, 70 of which are considered international airports. Air travel is a necessity in Russia, and most of the country's airports record high passenger traffic throughout the year.
Vnukovo International Airport is one of the three major airports serving Moscow, alongside Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo. In 2016, Vnukovo served over 14 million passengers, down from 15.8 million in 2014. The airport is equipped with a VIP hall used by political leaders and important visitors to Russia, including the Russian President. It is also the highest of Moscow's three airports, at 204 metres above sea level, and often serves as an alternative airport in foggy conditions.
Vnukovo's route network covers the entire territory of Russia, as well as neighbouring countries, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The airport serves over 170,000 flights annually, operated by domestic and international carriers. It has two intersecting runways, each with a capacity of 60 aircraft movements per hour. The airport has two passenger terminals, one general aviation terminal, one cargo terminal, and 60 aircraft stands.
A new international passenger Terminal A is currently under construction, with a planned floor space of 250,000 square metres and a passenger throughput capacity of 7,800 passengers per hour, bringing the airport's total capacity to 18-20 million passengers annually.
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Pulkovo Airport: busiest airport outside Moscow
Pulkovo Airport, located in Saint Petersburg, is Russia's busiest airport outside of Moscow. It is about 14 to 15 miles from the city centre of St. Petersburg. The airport serves the residents of St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast. It was opened in 1932 as a state-owned domestic airport, with regular flights to Petrozavodsk, Pudozh, Arkhangelsk, and Murmansk.
Pulkovo Airport has undergone several changes and expansions over the years. In 1941, a completely commercial passenger route between Moscow and Leningrad was introduced. The airport was renamed Pulkovo Airport in 1973, and the new Pulkovo 1 terminal was opened, featuring a unique 5-cup design. In 1986, the completion of new departure and arrival zones for the international terminal doubled the passenger traffic capacity.
In 2016, Pulkovo Airport served 13.2 million passengers and acted as a hub for Rossiya Airline. It also serves airlines such as Air France, Emirates, and British Airways. The airport has various facilities, including luggage storage, a pharmacy, business lounges, ATMs, restaurants, and shops.
Pulkovo Airport is easily accessible via public transportation. Passengers can take buses, shuttle buses, or taxis to and from the airport. The airport provides parking options, including short-term and long-term lots, with free short-time parking for up to 15 minutes.
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Aeroflot: Russia's flagship airline
Russia has over 2000 airports, with 70 considered international airports. Sheremetyevo International Airport, located 29km northwest of Moscow, is the country's busiest airport and the largest airport in the post-Soviet states. It is also among the top 20 busiest airports in Europe. In 2015, the airport handled 33.6 million passengers and over 256,000 aircraft movements. In 2019, this number grew to about 49.9 million passengers.
Aeroflot is Russia's flagship airline and has a fleet of over 180 aircraft. It operates an extensive network of domestic and international flights, serving over 100 destinations worldwide. Aeroflot's main hub is Sheremetyevo International Airport, where it operates primarily out of Terminal D. Aeroflot subsidiary Rossiya Airlines, which focuses on domestic routes and vacation destinations on the Black Sea and in Siberia, is also based at Sheremetyevo.
Domodedovo International Airport, located southeast of Moscow, is the second-busiest airport in Russia. In 2016, it served over 28.5 million passengers, down from 30.5 million in 2015. The airport is Moscow's only privately-owned airport and serves as a hub for Red Wings Airlines, S7 Airlines, and Ural Airlines.
Vnukovo International Airport, also in Moscow, is another of Russia's busiest airports. It is known for its dual-runway and served over 14 million passengers in 2016.
Outside of Moscow, the busiest airport in Russia is Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg. In 2016, 13.2 million passengers travelled through Pulkovo Airport, which serves as a hub for Rossiya Airlines and several other airlines.
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Frequently asked questions
The busiest airport in Russia is Sheremetyevo International Airport, located in Moscow. In 2023, the airport handled over 36 million passengers.
Sheremetyevo International Airport has six terminals: four international terminals (one under construction), one domestic terminal, and one private aviation terminal.
The second busiest airport in Russia is Domodedovo International Airport, also located in Moscow. It serves around 30 million passengers annually.
Pulkovo International Airport is one of the busiest airports in St Petersburg, Russia. It is the primary gateway to the city and is known for its modern architecture and efficient operations.
