Jazmin Li
Airport ground radar is used to track aircraft on the ground, especially in bad weather. It is also used to ensure planes do not cross active runways or interfere with ground vehicles. Airport ground radar uses the pulse technique, whereby radio waves are transmitted in very short bursts. These bursts are known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width/length. The time between two pulses is called Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI) and the frequency or the number of pulses emitted in one second is known as the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF). The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target, so it does not need a lot of power.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| How it works | The radar sends an all-call signal with its IC (Interrogator Code) to the aircraft. Once the aircraft is within the coverage of the radar, it receives this all-call interrogation. The transponder of the aircraft then generates an all-call reply containing the 24-bit address of the aircraft with the IC of the interrogator. This is sent to the radar, which then acquires the target aircraft. |
| Technique | The radar uses the pulse technique, whereby radio waves are transmitted in very short bursts. These bursts are known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width/length. As these pulses travel at the speed of light, in a short time multiple pulses can be produced. |
| Use | Ground radar is used to track all aircraft on the ground, especially in bad weather. |
What You'll Learn
- The radar uses the pulse technique, transmitting radio waves in short bursts
- The pulse technique involves pulse width/length, Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI) and Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF)
- The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target
- The radar sends an all-call signal to the aircraft, which then generates an all-call reply containing the 24-bit address of the aircraft with the IC of the interrogator
- The ground controller uses ground radar to track aircraft and ensure they do not cross an active runway or interfere with ground vehicles
The radar uses the pulse technique, transmitting radio waves in short bursts
Airport ground radar uses the pulse technique, transmitting radio waves in short bursts. These bursts are known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width or length. As these pulses travel at the speed of light, multiple pulses can be produced in a short time. The time between two pulses is called Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI) and the frequency or the number of pulses emitted in one second is known as the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF). The mathematical relationship between PRI and PRF can be written as an equation. This means the interval between each pulse is 0.00333 seconds.
The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target. It sends a pulse, and this pulse must be received, accepted, and then sent back by the target. The P2 pulse is radiated out in all directions, whereas P1 and P3 are radiated in the direction of the antennae. The P2 pulse is stronger than the P1 and P3 pulse when an aircraft is in a side lobe. When within the main lobe, the P2 pulse is weaker than the P1 and P3 pulse.
Ground radar is used by ground controllers to track all aircraft on the ground, ensuring that planes do not cross active runways or interfere with ground vehicles.
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The pulse technique involves pulse width/length, Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI) and Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF)
Airport ground radar uses the pulse technique, which involves the transmission of radio waves in very short bursts, known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width/length. As these pulses travel at the speed of light, multiple pulses can be produced in a short time. The time between two pulses is called Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI) and the frequency or the number of pulses emitted in one second is known as the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF). The mathematical relationship between PRI and PRF can be written as an equation, which shows that the interval between each pulse is 0.00333 seconds.
The P2 pulse is radiated out in all directions, whereas P1 and P3 are radiated in the direction of the antennae. The P2 pulse is generated by fixed antennae located near the main radar. When an aircraft is in a side lobe, the P2 pulse is stronger than the P1 and P3 pulses. When within the main lobe, the P2 pulse is weaker than the P1 and P3 pulses.
The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target. It sends a pulse, which must be received, accepted, and then sent back by the target.
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The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target
Airport ground radar uses the pulse technique, which involves transmitting radio waves in very short bursts, known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width/length. As these pulses travel at the speed of light, multiple pulses can be produced in a short time. The time between two pulses is called Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI) and the frequency or the number of pulses emitted in one second is known as the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF). The mathematical relationship between PRI and PRF can be written as: ... This means the interval between each pulse is 0.00333 seconds.
The radar then sends a signal to the aircraft, called a roll-call signal, which tells the transponder not to respond to all-call signals from the radar using the same IC. The side lobes are wasted energy, and if an aircraft tries to reply within the side lobes, incorrect bearing read-outs will be given. So, pulse P2 is made such that its intensity is higher than the strongest side lobe. The P2 pulse is radiated out in all directions, whereas P1 and P3 are radiated in the direction of the antennae. The P2 pulse is generated by fixed antennae which are located near the main radar. When an aircraft is in a side lobe, the P2 pulse is stronger than the P1 and P3 pulse. And when within the main lobe, the P2 pulse is weaker than the P1 and P3 pulse.
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The radar sends an all-call signal to the aircraft, which then generates an all-call reply containing the 24-bit address of the aircraft with the IC of the interrogator
Airport ground radar uses the pulse technique, transmitting radio waves in very short bursts. These bursts are known as pulses, and the duration of each pulse is called pulse width or length. The time between two pulses is called Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI), and the frequency or the number of pulses emitted in one second is known as the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF).
The radar or interrogator initially sends an all-call signal with its Interrogator Code (IC) to the aircraft. Once the aircraft is within the coverage of the radar, it receives this all-call interrogation. The transponder of the aircraft then generates an all-call reply containing the 24-bit address of the aircraft with the IC of the interrogator. This is sent to the radar, which then acquires the target aircraft.
The radar then sends a signal to the aircraft, called a roll-call signal, which tells the transponder not to respond to all-call signals from the radar using the same IC. This is known as Mode S acquisition and lock out.
The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target, so it does not need a lot of power. It sends a pulse, and this pulse must be received, accepted, and then sent back by the target.
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The ground controller uses ground radar to track aircraft and ensure they do not cross an active runway or interfere with ground vehicles
The ground controller is responsible for all ground traffic, including aircraft taxiing from the gates to the runways and vice versa. The ground controller uses ground radar to track aircraft and ensure they do not cross an active runway or interfere with ground vehicles.
Ground radar uses the pulse technique, whereby radio waves are transmitted in very short bursts, known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width or length. As these pulses travel at the speed of light, multiple pulses can be produced in a short time. The time between two pulses is called Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI), and the frequency or the number of pulses emitted in one second is known as the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF). The mathematical relationship between PRI and PRF means the interval between each pulse is 0.00333 seconds.
The radar or interrogator initially sends an all-call signal with its Interrogator Code (IC) to the aircraft. Once the aircraft is within the coverage of the radar, it receives this all-call interrogation. The transponder of the aircraft then generates an all-call reply containing the 24-bit address of the aircraft with the IC of the interrogator. This is sent to the radar, which then acquires the target aircraft.
The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) does not rely on the reflected signal from the target. It sends a pulse, and this pulse must be received, accepted, and then sent back by the target.
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Frequently asked questions
Airport ground radar uses the pulse technique, which involves transmitting radio waves in very short bursts. These bursts are known as pulses. The duration of each pulse is called pulse width/length.
The ground controller is responsible for all ground traffic, including aircraft taxiing from the gates to the runways and vice versa. They use ground radar to track aircraft and ensure they do not cross an active runway or interfere with ground vehicles.
Primary surveillance radar relies on the reflected signal from the target, whereas secondary surveillance radar does not. Secondary surveillance radar sends a pulse that must be received, accepted, and sent back by the target.
Airport radar can operate in Mode A, C, and S, which work on the same frequencies. Mode S involves sending a roll-call signal to the aircraft's transponder, telling it not to respond to all-call signals from the radar using the same interrogator code.
