Airports' Strategies To Keep Birds Away Explained

Birds and planes don't mix. Each year, the FAA logs over 10,000 wildlife strikes on planes, with most collisions occurring during take-off or landing. While most bird-plane collisions only result in minor damage to the exterior of the plane, encounters with larger birds or entire flocks can severely damage a plane. As such, preventing bird strikes is a priority for airports around the world, with solutions ranging from simple to downright wacky.

Using dogs to chase birds away

Border Collies to the Rescue

Border collies, in particular, have proven to be excellent working dogs for this task. Airports such as Bentonville Municipal Airport in Arkansas and Southwest Florida International in Fort Myers have successfully used these energetic and intelligent dogs to keep their runways bird-free. The Hawaii Department of Transportation has also recently invested in border collies, recognising their effectiveness in bird control.

How it Works

Dogs are trained to chase and herd birds away from the airfield. Their predatory instincts and posture create a sense of fear in the birds, preventing them from nesting, feeding, or resting in the area. This method is highly effective in creating safer runways and has been used for over two decades.

Advantages

The use of dogs offers a humane way to deter birds without causing them harm. It is a natural approach that does not rely on chemical or physical barriers. Dogs can cover large areas of the airfield and are especially useful for targeting specific areas, such as chasing roosting birds from a parking lot.

Challenges

One challenge with using dogs is the cost of maintaining and training the dogs and their handlers. Airports need to consider the ongoing expenses associated with this method. Additionally, the presence of dogs may only provide a temporary solution, as birds tend to return once the perceived threat is removed. Furthermore, if not appropriately managed, dogs may scare birds in the direction of runways, potentially increasing the risk of bird strikes.

Playing bird distress calls

Bird distress calls are often used in conjunction with other methods, as they are more effective when integrated with another strategy. For example, Reagan National (DCA) and Dulles International (IAD) airports also use pyrotechnics and firecrackers to keep birds away.

The effectiveness of distress calls depends on the time of year, and they must be integrated with other methods to be successful. The calls can also be upsetting or annoying to people nearby, although the sounds emitted are designed to resemble natural bird calls to minimize this issue.

To further enhance the effectiveness of distress calls, it is recommended to combine them with visual deterrents, such as reflective tape, decoy predators, or laser bird repellents. Regularly rotating the sounds is also important to prevent birds from becoming accustomed to them.

Sound bird deterrents are adaptable to various environments and can be used in residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural spaces. They are a humane and eco-friendly option that does not harm the ecosystem or disturb humans and pets.

Using pyrotechnics and cannons

Pyrotechnics and cannons are one of the most popular methods to scare birds away from airports. These methods are often used in combination with other bird deterrents to create a multi-layered approach to bird control.

Pyrotechnics, or fireworks, are regulated explosives that create a loud noise and bright lights to startle birds and make them feel as if the area is unsafe. They are considered effective because they combine sounds and visual effects to trigger a bird's primary instincts. However, it is important to note that birds can become accustomed to these methods over time, especially if they are used at the same time every day. Therefore, it is recommended to vary the timing and location of pyrotechnic displays to keep the birds guessing.

Air cannons, also known as propane cannons, create loud noises that disrupt the environment of birds, causing them to take flight as they perceive danger approaching. These cannons can be activated based on real-time data from advanced radar systems that track the size, location, and movements of bird flocks. This ensures that the cannons are used efficiently and only when necessary.

When using pyrotechnics and cannons, it is crucial to prioritize safety. These methods should be handled by trained professionals who follow safety protocols, such as wearing eye and ear protection, storing ammunition securely, and avoiding firing towards buildings or people.

By employing a combination of pyrotechnics and cannons, along with other bird deterrence strategies, airports can effectively reduce the risk of bird strikes and ensure the safety of aircraft and passengers.

Installing bird spikes

Bird spikes are an effective, humane, and economic solution to prevent birds from landing on flat or curved surfaces. They are ideal for deterring large birds such as pigeons, gulls, and crows. The spikes are designed to create an uneven surface that prevents birds from landing without causing them any harm.

Safety Precautions:

Before starting, ensure you are wearing safety gloves, and if using screws, also wear safety goggles to protect your hands and eyes. Bird droppings can carry diseases, so it is important to be cautious.

Measure and Mark:

Determine the areas where birds are roosting or nesting and measure the length of the surface you want to cover. Mark the locations where the bird spikes will be installed. Typically, they should be placed at regular intervals along the ledge or surface.

Prepare the Surface:

Thoroughly clean the surface to ensure proper adhesion. Remove any dirt, dust, debris, or bird droppings. If there are overhanging branches or leaves, clear them away. If you're using adhesive, make sure the surface is completely dry before proceeding.

Choose your Mounting Method:

Bird spikes can be installed using adhesive or screws. For wood surfaces, use wood screws to secure the spikes, ensuring the ends are tight, and place at least one screw every six inches. For concrete surfaces, use outdoor construction adhesive to secure the spikes. If desired, you can also use screws or bolts for extra security.

Apply Adhesive:

Apply a generous amount of adhesive to the base of each bird spike and press them firmly onto the marked locations. Ensure they are aligned and secure.

Use Screws (Optional):

If you want to add extra security, drill pilot holes at the marked locations and attach the bird spikes using screws. Ensure they are firmly in place.

Seal the Edges (Optional):

To provide extra protection and weatherproofing, apply a silicone sealant along the edges of the bird spikes. This will prevent water from seeping under the spikes and potentially damaging the adhesive.

Inspect and Maintain:

After installation, inspect the bird spikes to ensure they are secure and properly aligned. Periodically check for any debris or bird droppings, as this can reduce their effectiveness over time. Clean the spikes as needed to maintain their functionality.

When installing bird spikes, consider the spacing between them. The spacing should be narrow enough to prevent birds from landing but wide enough that it does not cause them harm. Additionally, bird spikes may not be effective for smaller birds, such as sparrows, which can squeeze their way between the spikes.

Using lasers to startle birds

Lasers are especially useful in deterring pest birds in and around semi-enclosed areas such as airplane hangars, warehouses, and big box stores. They are also useful in open spaces like ball parks, stadiums, and golf courses. The best results are achieved by repeatedly treating roosting sites at dawn and dusk, as the effectiveness of the laser is lessened during daylight hours.

Lasers are silent, portable, and affordable. They are also versatile, with long-range capabilities of up to 12 km2 from one position. They can be used on roofs, poles, and hillsides. However, it is important to note that lasers are species-specific, and some birds may only be temporarily repelled. Additionally, the use of lasers requires careful consideration due to potential safety risks for bystanders and aircraft.

The TOM500 Bird Deterrent Laser System, developed by LORD Ingenierie of France, is an example of a commercial bird dispersal laser. It weighs almost 1000 lbs and uses a green laser wide beam that constantly sweeps a few inches or feet above airport runways. The beam enlargement makes the beam appear like a stick to the birds, causing them to disperse.

Frequently asked questions