Digital Ids: The Future Of Airport Security?

The use of digital IDs at airports has been a topic of interest in recent years, with some companies and governments exploring the possibility of implementing this technology. Digital IDs are expected to provide a more convenient and secure way for travellers to identify themselves at airport checkpoints. For example, Apple has announced plans to integrate government-issued identification into its Apple Wallet feature, allowing users to scan their state IDs and driver's licenses. Additionally, Delta Airlines has introduced a digital ID programme at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, where customers can use facial matching technology and their passport number and TSA PreCheck membership as a form of identification. While the concept of digital IDs at airports shows promise, there are still concerns about security, compatibility with existing systems, and potential delays in the screening process.

Digital IDs on smartphones

Benefits of Digital IDs

One of the main advantages of digital IDs on smartphones is the added convenience and peace of mind for travellers. With a digital ID, there is no need to worry about forgetting or losing your physical ID, as it will always be accessible on your phone. Additionally, it streamlines the security process by having both your boarding pass and ID in one place, reducing the time spent searching for documents.

Data Security Concerns

However, the prospect of digital IDs has also raised some concerns among travellers. One of the primary worries is the potential for identity theft if a phone is lost or stolen. While remote wipe features can mitigate this risk, there is still apprehension about having sensitive information easily accessible on a device that could fall into the wrong hands. Additionally, there may be challenges with airport technology, as not all airports have the necessary systems, such as the CAT scanners, to accommodate digital IDs.

Alternative Forms of Identification

It is important to note that, currently, alternative forms of identification are already accepted by the TSA for travellers who arrive at the airport without a valid ID. These can include credit cards, business cards with photos, work security badges, and even membership cards like Costco. Additionally, TSA officers can use publicly available databases to confirm a traveller's identity, although this process may take longer and require additional screening.

REAL ID compliance

To be REAL ID compliant, a state-issued driver's license or ID card must include a REAL ID-compliant star marking. Enhanced Driver's Licenses (EDLs) issued by Washington, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, and Vermont are considered acceptable alternatives to REAL ID-compliant cards and will also be accepted for official REAL ID purposes. Most EDLs do not contain the star marking, but this is acceptable.

To obtain a REAL ID-compliant license or ID card, individuals must visit their state's driver's licensing agency website to find out the exact documentation required. At a minimum, individuals must provide documentation showing:

• Full Legal Name
• Date of Birth
• Social Security Number
• Two Proofs of Address of Principal Residence
• Lawful Status

Additional requirements may be imposed by individual states, so it is important to check with your state's driver's licensing agency before visiting them in person.

It is worth noting that REAL ID compliance is not required for minors travelling domestically with a companion over the age of 18 who has an acceptable form of identification.

For those without a REAL ID-compliant license or ID card, there are several alternative forms of identification that will be accepted, including:

• U.S. passport
• DHS trusted traveller cards (Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST)
• U.S. Department of Defense ID, including IDs issued to dependents
• Permanent resident card
• Border crossing card
• State-issued Enhanced Driver's License
• Veteran Health Identification Card (VHIC)
• An acceptable photo ID issued by a federally recognized Tribal Nation/Indian Tribe
• Foreign government-issued passport
• Canadian provincial driver's license or Indian and Northern Affairs Canada card
• Transportation worker identification credential
• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Employment Authorization Card (I-766)
• U.S. Merchant Mariner Credential

In the event that an individual arrives at the airport without acceptable identification, they may still be allowed to fly if their identity can be verified through other means. A TSA officer will ask for information such as the individual's name and current address, and will attempt to confirm their identity using publicly available databases. If their identity cannot be verified, they will not be permitted to enter the security checkpoint.

TSA identity verification

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has introduced digital ID at select TSA checkpoints, allowing passengers to transmit identity information securely and seamlessly using facial recognition. Passengers can use their smartphones for identity verification with digital identity solutions such as mobile driver's licenses or ID passes through platforms such as Apple Wallet, Google Wallet, and Samsung Wallet, or a state-issued app.

TSA officers use biometric cameras to assist with identity verification, and passengers can opt out of the photo, which is deleted along with their personal data after verification. The TSA PreCheck Touchless ID program allows passengers to verify their identity using facial recognition without needing to present an ID.

While digital IDs are accepted at select TSA checkpoints, passengers must still carry a physical ID as a backup. If a digital ID cannot be verified, passengers must present an acceptable physical identity document, such as a driver's license or passport, to proceed through the identity verification process.

In the event that a passenger arrives at the airport without any identification, they may still be allowed to fly but will be subject to additional screening, including a pat-down and bag search. The TSA officer will ask for information such as the passenger's name, current address, and other personal details to confirm their identity through publicly available databases.

Beginning May 7, 2025, travelers must have a REAL ID-compliant driver's license or identification card to fly within the United States. This means the license or card must include a REAL ID-compliant star marking. Enhanced Driver's Licenses issued by Washington, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, and Vermont are also accepted.

International travel without ID

International travel without a valid ID can be challenging, and the rules vary across different countries and regions. Here are some important points to consider:

Understanding ID Requirements:

Before planning your trip, it is crucial to research the specific ID requirements for your destination country. While some countries may accept alternative forms of identification, others may strictly require a passport. Understanding these requirements beforehand will help you prepare the necessary documents.

Domestic Travel within the United States:

If you are travelling within the US and have lost your ID, you may still be able to board your flight. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) can use alternative methods, such as publicly available databases, to confirm your identity. However, arriving at the airport early, preferably at least two hours ahead of your scheduled departure, is highly recommended to allow sufficient time for the identity verification process. If your identity cannot be verified, you may be denied boarding.

International Travel from the United States:

When travelling internationally from the US, losing your passport can be more complicated. While you might be able to get through airport security with a driver's license or other government-issued ID, you will likely encounter issues at customs or border control without a valid passport. In such cases, it is essential to contact the nearest US embassy as soon as possible to obtain a replacement passport. Having a photocopy of your lost passport, flight confirmation, a police report, and passport-sized photographs can expedite the process.

Returning to the United States:

If you are a US citizen returning to the country without a passport, you may still be allowed to re-enter. However, you will need to verify your identity and citizenship, and the process may be lengthy. It is recommended to carry other forms of identification, such as a driver's license or birth certificate, to support your case.

Digital IDs:

The concept of digital IDs stored on smartphones is being explored, with Apple working on integrating government-issued identification into Apple Wallet. While this innovation may address concerns about losing physical IDs, there are security concerns and potential challenges with airport technology that need to be addressed before widespread implementation.

In summary, while it is possible to navigate domestic travel within the US without an ID, international travel without proper identification can be significantly more challenging. To avoid potential issues, it is always advisable to carry the necessary identification documents when travelling, especially when crossing international borders.

Biometric IDs

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is currently testing the acceptance of digital IDs, including mobile driver's licenses (mDLs) and mobile identification cards, at select TSA PreCheck® checkpoints. Passengers can store their IDs on their smartphones using digital wallets such as Apple Wallet, Google Wallet, and Samsung Wallet, or a state-issued app. When using a digital ID at a TSA checkpoint, passengers will be asked to consent to sharing their information, after which a camera will take their picture for comparison with their physical or digital ID.

While the use of biometric technology for identity verification is optional, passengers must still carry a physical ID as a backup. This is because digital IDs may not always be verifiable, in which case passengers must present an acceptable physical identity document to proceed through the security checkpoint.

The use of biometrics has the potential to automate the ID and boarding pass verification process, making the travel experience more efficient and secure. It also helps to reduce contact between TSA officers and passengers, which is particularly important in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Several airports across the United States are already using Biometric Facial Comparison Technology, including:

• Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)
• Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL)
• Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)
• John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)
• San Francisco International Airport (SFO)
• Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW)

Frequently asked questions