
When travelling, it's important to be aware of the restrictions on what you can bring with you. While it is possible to bring a bag within a bag, there are limitations on the number of carry-on items you can bring, and some items are restricted to carry-on or checked luggage. Liquids, for example, are typically restricted to containers under 100ml and must be placed in a separate, transparent, resealable bag. Some airports may allow up to 2 litres, and duty-free liquids may be permitted if packaged in a security tamper-evident bag. It's always a good idea to check with the airport and relevant airlines before travelling to ensure you comply with their specific regulations.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of bags allowed | One carry-on bag and one personal item |
| Bag size restrictions | Carry-on must not exceed 22 x 14 x 9 inches (56 x 36 x 23 cm) and must fit in the sizer at the airport. Personal item must not exceed 18 x 14 x 8 inches (45 x 35 x 20 cm) and must fit under the seat in front of you. |
| Bag weight restrictions | Varies by airline and class of travel; check with your airline for specific information |
| Liquid restrictions | Liquids must be in containers no larger than 100ml and must fit in a transparent, resealable plastic bag no larger than 20cm x 20cm |
| Restricted items | Items such as lighters, electronic devices, and food powders may be restricted or require special handling; check with your airline and airport for specific information |
| Bag drop-off process | Bags can be dropped off at the check-in counter or the drop-off counter, depending on whether you have checked in online. Bags will be weighed, tagged, and placed on a conveyor to be loaded onto the plane. |
| Bag security screening | Bags may be subject to additional screening if they trigger an alarm, appear tampered with, or pose security concerns. |
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What You'll Learn

Liquids in hand luggage
Most countries have restrictions on the types and quantities of liquids you can take in your hand luggage. In the UK, the rules for carrying liquids in your hand luggage depend on the airport. At most airports, you cannot take liquids in containers larger than 100ml through security. Some airports may allow you to take liquids in containers that hold up to 2 litres.
If you are travelling to or from the US, you can carry up to 350g of powdered goods in your hand luggage. This includes cosmetics, spices, powdered milk, flour, sugar and coffee.
If the airport asks you to put liquids in a separate bag, containers must be in a single, transparent, resealable plastic bag, which holds no more than a litre and measures approximately 20cm x 20cm. Contents must fit comfortably inside the bag so it can be sealed.
If you are travelling with essential liquid medical supplies like dialysis fluid, that is packed in a separate bag and checked into the hold, you can take more than the standard amount. To do this, you will need an official medical letter signed and dated by your personal medical practitioner.
Liquid medicines are only permitted in quantities above your personal liquid allowance if they are needed during the flight. All medication should be accompanied by documentary proof of authenticity, such as a prescription or a letter from a medical practitioner.
Breast milk can be carried in quantities greater than 100ml, but this does not apply to formula milk or other baby juice/food.
There are multiple exceptions to the 3-1-1 rule (3.4oz of liquid per container, one bag per passenger). Medically necessary liquids, including breast milk, baby formula, prescription eye drops, liquid medications, and hydration or nutritional supplements for chronic conditions or disabilities, are exempt. While documentation is not required by the TSA, it can help speed up the screening process.
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Bag check-in process
Checking in a bag at the airport can be a straightforward process if you plan ahead and arrive early. Here is a step-by-step guide to the bag check-in process:
Step 1: Prepare Your Bag
Before arriving at the airport, ensure your bag complies with the airline's restrictions on size, weight, and items. Pack wisely, placing liquids and powders in your checked baggage to minimise delays during security screening. Label your bag and ensure it is securely locked.
Step 2: Arrive at the Airport
It is recommended that you arrive at the airport early to allow ample time for the check-in process and security screening. For domestic flights, most airlines allow check-in up to 45 minutes before departure, while international flights may require an earlier check-in time of up to 90 minutes.
Step 3: Locate the Check-In Area
Proceed to the airline's check-in or baggage desk/area. Some airports offer curbside check-in or self-service kiosks for added convenience. At the check-in counter, you may be asked questions regarding the contents of your bag to ensure you are not carrying any prohibited items.
Step 4: Weigh and Tag Your Bag
Place your bag on the scale to be weighed. You may need to pay for baggage or overweight baggage at this point, usually by card. Your bag will then be tagged with a barcode and the airport code. If you have multiple connections on the same airline, your bag may be tagged to your final destination.
Step 5: Baggage Handling
Your checked bag will then be placed on a conveyor belt or cart and taken through baggage security. Baggage handlers will ensure it is loaded onto the plane. If you have a layover or separately booked flights, you may need to collect and re-check your bag at the connecting airport, so allow sufficient time between flights.
Step 6: Baggage Claim
Upon reaching your final destination, proceed to the baggage claim area to retrieve your checked bag. Present your baggage claim ticket if required and ensure you have properly identified your bag before departing the airport.
By following these steps and staying informed about any specific requirements of your airline or destination, you can ensure a smooth bag check-in process during your travel.
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Carry-on luggage restrictions
When packing for air travel, it's important to be aware of the restrictions on carry-on luggage to ensure a smooth journey. Here are some key guidelines to follow:
Bag Size and Number Restrictions:
Most airlines allow one carry-on bag and one personal item, such as a purse or small handbag. The maximum size for a carry-on bag is typically 45 linear inches (the total of height, width, and depth). Some airlines may have specific size restrictions, so it's always best to check with your airline beforehand. Your carry-on bag must fit in the overhead bin or under the seat in front of you. If it doesn't fit, you may need to check it in.
Liquid, Aerosol, and Gel Restrictions:
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) sets guidelines for carry-on liquids, aerosols, and gels, which are adopted by many countries. These items must be in containers no larger than 100ml and placed in a transparent, resealable plastic bag with a maximum capacity of 1 litre. Medications, baby milk/food, and special dietary liquids are usually exempt from these restrictions.
Electronic Device Restrictions:
All portable electronic devices, such as laptops, tablets, and e-readers, should be placed in your carry-on baggage. If you need to put them in your checked baggage, ensure they are completely powered off, not just in sleep or hibernation mode. Spare batteries, power banks, and electronic cigarettes/vapes must not be packed in checked baggage and should be carried in your hand luggage.
Restricted and Prohibited Items:
Some items are restricted and must only be carried in your carry-on bag, while others are prohibited altogether. It's important to familiarize yourself with these lists before packing. Items such as lighters have specific restrictions and must be packed in a certain way. Additionally, certain food items and powders can obstruct X-ray images, so they may need to be checked manually by security or placed in your hold luggage.
Additional Considerations:
Always label your carry-on items in case they need to be checked. Keep your carry-on bag with you at all times to prevent security alerts, and never leave it unattended in or around airport terminals. Plan ahead and pack efficiently to facilitate the screening process. If you have any questions about specific items, don't hesitate to contact the airline or the relevant authorities.
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Baggage screening process
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) in the United States has implemented stringent security measures for baggage screening at airports. These procedures are designed to prevent prohibited items and security threats from entering sterile areas of the airport. The TSA collaborates closely with intelligence agencies and law enforcement to adapt its security protocols based on evolving threats.
Passengers are advised to arrive at the airport early to allow sufficient time for the screening process. They are also encouraged to pack properly and place powder-like substances over 12 oz (350 ml) in their checked bags. Powders in carry-on baggage may require additional screening, and any items that trigger an alarm, appear tampered with, or pose security concerns will be subject to further inspection.
During the screening process, passengers will be asked to remove personal electronic devices larger than a cell phone from their carry-on bags and place them in a separate bin for X-ray screening. Liquids are also subject to specific rules, with duty-free liquids allowed through security in carry-on bags if packaged in a security tamper-evident bag.
The TSA has introduced advanced technology, such as cart-based ICS technology controlled by Bluetooth, to enhance baggage screening. This system allows the bag to remain on the carrier throughout the screening and sortation processes, improving efficiency and reducing bottlenecks due to staffing or resource constraints.
Overall, the baggage screening process at airports is comprehensive and multi-layered, utilising both visible and unseen measures to ensure the safety of passengers and their baggage.
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Restricted items
While a small (4 oz. or less) container of pepper spray is permitted in checked baggage, self-defence sprays containing more than 2% by mass of tear gas are prohibited. Small specialty lighters are also not allowed on airplanes. Other prohibited items include:
- Oxygen tanks, SCUBA tanks, butane, propane, and other compressed or flammable gases.
- Hazardous materials, including chlorine, strong acids, paint stripper, drain cleaner, and hair dye.
- Beverages containing more than 70% alcohol (over 140 proof), including grain alcohol and 151-proof rum.
- Guns must be unloaded, packed in a locked hard-sided container, and declared to the airline at check-in.
- Fireworks, including sparklers, poppers, and bang snaps.
- Radioactive materials, poisonous or toxic substances, and flammable liquids.
It's important to note that even if an item is generally permitted, it may be subject to additional screening or not allowed through the checkpoint if it triggers an alarm, appears tampered with, or poses security concerns. The final decision rests with the TSA officer. Additionally, countries outside the UK may have different rules regarding carrying liquids, so it's always best to check with the relevant airline and airport before travelling.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, you can put a smaller bag inside a bigger bag. However, some airports and planes may have additional carry-on restrictions, so it's best to check with the airport before your travel.
Liquids must be in a single, transparent, resealable plastic bag, which holds no more than a litre and measures approximately 20cm x 20cm. The contents must fit comfortably inside the bag so it can be sealed.
You give it to the person at the check-in counter. They will weigh it, put a tag on it, give you a receipt, and you won't see that bag until baggage claim at your final destination.











































